No. Libya has Africa's largest oil reserves, estimated at 48 billion barrels, but production and exports have slumped dramatically through years of crisis. In order to prevent the outbreak of an armed uprising, Cameroon's president must go beyond superficial measures by urgently implementing key reforms and pursuing inclusive, high-level dialogue mediated by the UN or African Union. A Biafra-Ambazonia weapons exchange will bolster the Anglophone separatist movement. Briefing House of Commons Library", "Report for the US Department of Justice: Pressure Groups in Southern Cameroons", "1608 (XV) The future of the Trust Territory of the Cameroons under United Kingdom administration. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a population of over 25 million ( 2019 ). Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Cameroon Are Joining Forces. !function (f, b, e, v, n, t, s) { At independence, a plebiscite was held, and voters in Southern Cameroons opted to join Cameroon as a constituent state of a federal republic. 1961. The term Ambazonia is more usually associated with the separatist or independence-seeking faction, while the Cameroonian government and other official sources, such as the UN, continue to refer to the "Northwest Region" and "Southwest Region" (or sometimes the "NoSo" regions), the official names of the two administrative provinces since 1972. Endeley emerged as leader of the Quasi-Region of Southern Cameroons, with his official title being Leader of Government Business. if (!f._fbq) f._fbq = n; Daniel, the Ambazonian deputy defense chief, acknowledged the potential regional impact of the alliance but said that after almost five years of low-level armed conflict in Cameroon, there was no other choice. Against a backdrop of bomb blasts, sporadic violence and repressive state measures, Cameroon's Anglophone crisis has entered a new and intensified phase. German explorer Gustav Nachtigal signed key treaties with several prominent kings. } [45] The Cameroonian government stated that the declaration had no legal weight[46] and on November 30, 2017, the President of Cameroon signaled a harder line on separatist attacks on police and soldiers. Surrounded by water from all directions, Africa is a continent with clearly defined borders. FPs Ravi Agrawal sat down with industry leaders at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, to discuss how businesses can build resilience amid a turbulent geopolitical era. Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. (Former British Southern Cameroons) STATE HOUSE BUEA OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 6218 Georgia Avenue NW Suite 1-459 | Washington DC 20011-5125 Phone Number (318)243-6715 Fax: (318)274-3202 Email: ambafirst2018@gmail.com Saturday 31 December 2022 Ref. It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. Relations with the Islamic Republic of Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon are heated. For the past three weeks, an encampment of activists from Ambazonia, the English-speaking territory also known as Southern Cameroon, has been holding vigil outside the Nigerian Embassy in South . Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Camero BUEA, CameroonFor the past five years, factions of a secessionist movement in southeastern Nigeria and a pro-independence movement in western Cameroon have been gathering momentum, mobilizing supporters through social media, and clashing with government security forces in both countries. Symbolism (Black stands for the People and Culture. What have we learned so fShow morear, and how can we apply those lessons to make sure we dont sleepwalk into yet another war? Fax number: 240-556-0535 The groups will work to secure their shared border and ensure an open exchange of weapons and personnel, representatives of both the Ambazonia and IPOB movements said. Two of its border regions with Nigeria (northwest and southwest) are Anglophone, while the rest of the country . All progress of employment, appointments, etc. The successful joining of the two increasingly violent groups is likely to trigger a heightened response from both Cameroonian and Nigerian armed forces, which already work together to counter a Boko Haram insurgency in the northern regions of both countries. China, Russia are 'destabilizing' Africa, warns . Paul Biyas regime is ignoring the battle against Boko Haram and the Islamic State and using foreign counterterrorism assistance to fund its brutal repression of citizens with legitimate grievances. The Prefect/ District Officer forms the District Council (Local Government). if there were many agitations and co mments, the new social order of Fon . It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. Though, the Federal Republic of Ambazonia is not recognized by most states, there has been a proposed constitution for the territory. Cameroon cracks down on Anglophone separatists. In 1990, opposition political parties were legalized and John Ngu Foncha, the leading Anglophone in Cameroon's government, resigned from the governing party and encapsulated much of the dissatisfaction with the central government's attitude toward the Anglophone regions in his public resignation letter: [I]t became clear to me that I had become an irrelevant nuisance that had to be ignored and ridiculed. Read more:Cameroon: colonial past and present frictions. In 1967, following two failed military coups and targeted ethnic violence and persecution, the Igbo people came together to form the secessionist state of Biafra, triggering a brutal two-year civil war during which the Nigerian military imposed a blockade of the state, which caused between 500,000 to 2 million civilians to die from starvation. Further east towards Cameroon a series of volcanoes like the Manengouba or Kupe can be found. For barrister Henry Baaboh, there is no need for a referendum like the ones which were held in Spains Catalan region or the Kurdish territory in Iraq. By Office Phone: (301) 593-4879. Blue stands for the ocean and rivers, freedom, justice, perseverance, vigilance. [25], On 21 April 1961, UN resolution 1608 (XV) set 1 October 1961 as the date of independence for the Southern Cameroons. [4] By the time British Southern Cameroons and French Cameroun gained independence in 1961, the French territory was more economically developed than its British counterpart. [27] The result was a constitution that provided for a federal structure with two constituent states,[28] East Cameroon (former French Cameroon) and West Cameroon (former Southern Cameroons), but which gave power over most critical issues to the national government (dominated by Francophones). There are protected areas like the Korup National Park[62] or the Takamanda National Park. [63] The northeastern parts of Northwest Region (including the city of Bamenda) have a tropical savanna climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. Even before the Anglophone crisis, nomadic cattle-grazing Fulanis, known locally as Mbororos, clashed with locals, who are sedentary farmers, over land use in Cameroons Northwest region. Dissatisfaction with these agreements led to the brief Douala War in 1884, in which Germany assisted its local allies in winning, essentially cementing its colonial position in Cameroon and by 1887 Britain had abandoned its claims in the region.[13][14]. In 2016 and 2017, a widespread protest movement was met with a violent government crackdown, which led to rioting and violence against security forces and, in 2017, a unilateral declaration of independence by Ambazonian leaders. Savannah State Counties (demonym; Savannese): Flag of Ngo-Ketundjia.Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. Evening roundup with our editors favorite stories of the day. Some speculate that this is the result of a partnership, announced in April, between one of the major Cameroonian secessionist groups, the Ambazonia Governing Council, and the Indigenous People of . [51] On 4 February 2018, it was announced that US-based preacher Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako would become the Interim President of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, temporarily succeeding Ayuk Tabe. Blue stands for the sky, liberty. African news. Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. Meanwhile, government forces have torched entire villages suspected of harboring separatists, disappeared and executed civilians without due process, and tortured detainees. Green stands for the Fertility of the land. Blue stands for the Meme River and Liberty. 1134/2002, U.N. Doc. Until the 1880s, European activity was dominated by trading companies and missionaries. Tree stands for connection, unity and growth of the people. List of countries (or dependencies) in Africa ranked by population, from the most populated. In a shocking video widely circulated on social media, three suspected separatist fighters in Muyuka, South-West region, beat and drag a 35-year-old woman, identified as Confort Tumassang by the. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. White flower stands for Innocence, hope and peace. In recent years, the death toll from ethnic and intercommunal violence has reached unprecedented levels, even exceeding that of violent extremism and terrorism in Mali, according to ACLED. As the violence intensified, international efforts to resolve the crisis picked up. For Washington, self-imposed restraint will always be a contradiction in terms. [5] The violence developed into a guerrilla war, and as of 2021[update], clashes continue, with population centers and strategic locations largely controlled by the government engaged in counterinsurgency actions, with swathes of more remote, rural areas controlled by separatist militias and used to launch guerrilla attacks. In 2018, Nigerian security forces located, arrested, and extradited 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in the country. Yellow/Gold stands for the prosperity. Green stands Fertility of the land. The area is covered with dense rain forest. A Biafra-Ambazonia weapons exchange will bolster the Anglophone separatist movement, which has suffered in recent months from a severe lack of financial support from the diaspora, perhaps due to waning interest, pervasive human rights abuses carried out by separatist groups against civilians, or major divisions in the diaspora leadership. [38][39] Due to harassment and arrests by the government, many leaders of he SCNC and other organizations fled the country. Delivered Wednesday & Sunday. t = b.createElement(e); This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. History of Ambazonia (Source: Wikipedia) Ambazonia is the territory formerly known as the British Southern Cameroons. The Federal Republic of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons) is an unrecognised and disputed region located in the armpit of Africa, a crossroad between west and central africa, on the Gulf of Guinea. German administration was focused on establishing plantations for cash crops, and improving transportation and communication infrastructure to bring products and natural resources swiftly to ports and thence to Europe. They are identified as "Foncha-man" and put aside. [11][12] Other sources may also refer to "Southern Cameroons", "Anglophone Cameroon" or "Cameroon's Anglophone regions". The armed insurgency has turned into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing nearly . This then spreads to other parts of West Africa where you have populations that identify with the Fulani or with Peul [another name for ethnic Fulani], and then they may either feel victimized or pinpointed or isolated or targeted., The Biafran and Ambazonian movements are both fractured, and not all factions support the alliance and rising violence. Blue stands for Liberty and perseverance). [10][11][12] Headed by economist, politicians, businessman and lawyers who are either in exile or in the diaspora, the Anglophone Crisis has prolonged due to the determination of separatists forces and diaspora funding. Delivered Monday-Friday. The term "Ambazonia" is derived from the word Ambozes, the local name for the bay area at the mouth of the Wouri (now Douala) river. Remember the adage that generals always fight the last war? The golden sun stands for a new era, hope, wealth and prosperity. ), Counties are further divided into 61 districts (LGA) governed by Prefects or District Officers. [17], As the Thirteen counties are represented on the national flag (as stars), to represent their importance in the nation and in the fight for the struggle, each county is entitled to its own flag and emblem. The name Ambazonia comes from Ambas Bay, the area of a settlement of freed slaves which is regarded as the boundary between Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon. The people of Northern and Southern Cameroons under the umbrella of the Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front (SCACUF) finally decided to affirm the independence of the English . Weekly update on whats driving U.S. national security policy. The states of Ambazonia are further divided into 13 counties[15] (represented by the thirteen stars of the national flag) and 61 districts or local government areas (LGAs). Cameroon's separatist conflict erupted in 2017 after teachers and lawyers in the North- and Southwest regions, where English is the predominant language, protested alleged discrimination by the. Many believe that it is only a return to the country's two-state federation that will end the conflict and break the impasse. Email: tapangiv@buffalo.edu Telepon: +14083105204 Situs: ambazoniaradio.org Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the land and growth of the nation. Ultimately, Biafra surrendered to the federal government, but pro-Biafran and anti-government sentiment remained and has hardened in recent years. Your guide to the most important world stories of the day. Steve Bannons Man in Italy Has Big Plans, The Hidden History of the Worlds Top Offshore Cryptocurrency Tax Haven, Irans Protests Are Nowhere Near Revolutionary. Located between the Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa, during the colonial era the country's southern part . A referendum in 1961 sealed the future of British Cameroon: The northern region. The top of Mount Cameroon has a polar climate of the tundra variant, unique in West Africa and extremely rare so close to the Equator.[64]. Major non-ASC groups include the Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) and the Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF), which both cooperate with the ASC on some level.[61]. Watch the video now! The referendum was held on 20 May 1972 and in the one-party state, the outcome was never in doubt. 2 global climate envoy, joined FP editor in chiefRavi Agrawal to discuss Washingtons climate policy, and how it is being seen around the world. Explore the benefits included in your subscription. [4], The State Council has the power to impeach the Premier (State Governor), through a Motion of confidence. Reports of indiscriminate killings, torture, rape and other gender-based violence by both sides have been widely reported. Want to read more on this topic or region? [4][5][6], The region, which has been at war with Cameroon since the 2016 lawyers and teachers protest, aims to separate into independent country known as Ambazonia,[7] a name coined by the Widikum Fon, Honourable Fon Gorji Dinka,[8] from the name of the Ambas Bay and the word Zone, as a protest to the 1982 name change of the United Republic of Cameroon to the Republic of Cameroon,[9] which was the name Cameroon had since gaining it's independence in 1960, and was seen as an attempt by the Cameroon Government to erase the culture of West Cameroon (a name Southern Cameroons attain after federation with Cameroon in 1961). The Counties are governed by a County-Minister who is elected into office during State election by a Plurality vote. In 1995, over the objection of some Anglophone Cameroonians, Cameroon was admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations recognizing former Southern Cameroon's history as a British colony. However, such referendum can only occur based on how the county is treated within the state (marginalisation, tribal discrimination etc. By. Let us see if the so-called Human "Rice" Watch will utter a statement. [4] Over time, the power of the central government, dominated by Francophones, expanded at the expense of the region's autonomy. But those ceasefire discussions have been condemned by other separatists in Cameroon and abroad, who argue that Sisiku does not have a mandate to negotiate. Amabazonia since 2016 protests are defended by many separatist groups spearheaded by Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF), famously known as 'the boys'. Security. In 1858, British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the bay which was later renamed Victoria. The States are governed by a State Governor who is elected into office by a Plurality vote. Brown stands for the soil and fertility and Strength. [13], The flagpole of the National flag must always be higher than the flagpole of the State flag. I was to be used now only as window dressing and not listened to. This February, in an unprecedented surge of attacks, armed Fulani raided 18 villages in Nwa subdivision, killing at least 17 people and displacing 4,200 local residents. meant to promote adequate regional representation in government and its services have been revised or changed at the expense of those who stood for TRUTH and justice. The President of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia (former British Southern Cameroons), Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako, has disowned the allegation that his country was responsible for the recent attack on . White stands for Hope, Peace and wisdom under God. De facto, Buea is the capital. In 1975, the government removed one of the two stars from the flag, another symbol of the federation between two states, creating a new flag with a single star. In 2016, armed separatist groups carried out violent attacks against the Mbororo community over its lack of support for the Anglophone cause, and these attacks have only escalated in recent years. West Cameroon was divided into two administrative regions, which survive today: the "North West" and "South West" regions.[32]. [29], Flag of Momo. ecent alliance between the separatist groupsIndigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in Nigeria, and Cameroon's breakaway state Ambazoniacan trigger instability in the West Africa region, a Foreign Policy report has said.. Last month, IPOB leader Nnamdi Kanu and Cho Ayaba, leader of the Ambazonian Governing Council appeared in a press conference, livestreamed on social media, to announce a . No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between . Other countries outside of the African continent have been involved in cryptocurrency initiatives. Golden Star stands for Leadership).[32]. Too dangerous at the moment. The Ambazonia and Biafra Alliance is critical in an area where Nigeria and Cameroon have established two autocracies that have used violence as political tools to suppress our own peoples.. s = b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; County flags are symbolic for their respective county and may have several meanings. One-stop digest of politics, economics, and culture. In Nigeria, Biafrans battle with the Fulani for ethnic and political supremacy. In an open letter to U.S. President Joe Biden, published in local media outlets, the Biafran leader Kanu requested that the U.S. government suspend arms sales to Nigeria, citing human rights abuses and Buharis draconian measures to put down peaceful pro-Biafran protests. He. Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 FPs Winter 2023 print issue brings together 12 experts to help us answer those questions. We like to defer to God when there is a problem to solve! The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. Ambazonia is a country with her own international borders between the Republic of Cameroon, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea. [33] On 6 November 1982, Ahidjo resigned and handed over power to Paul Biya who continued Ahidjo's policies and, after a falling out with Ahidjo and attempted coup by Ahidjo supporters, consolidated power in himself. Jonathan Pershing, formerly the Biden administrations No. n.version = '2.0'; This is going to be a very good opportunity for us, because what we see on the field is there have been some alliances between the Cameroon government and Fulani, Daniel, the Ambazonian deputy military leader, said. green stands for the fertility of the land, prosperity and growth. Whereas I spent all my life fighting to have a deep sea port in Limbe(Victoria) developed, this project had to be shelved and instead an expensive pipeline is to be built from SONARA in Limbe to Douala in order to pipe the oil to Douala. Security The Ambazonia Defense Forces see the Biafra-Ambazonia alliance as a critical outlet to end rising Fulani-led attacks. Some secessionists argue that the dialogue is another example . . Calls for secession are growing and an Anglophone separatist movement in the south-west and north-w. There are 54 countries in Africa today, according to the United Nations. Download the new FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. The separatist group, however, stated that there would not be peace in the sub-Saharan region of Africa until Biafra and Ambazonia agitators in Nigeria and Cameroon respectively get their . Military Excesses Its Friday December 14, 2018, and the Mile 17 bus station in Buea, capital of the South West Region, is busy like a beehive. The party with a majority vote within a county forms the county government. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); [34] In February 1984, Biya changed the official name of the country from the United Republic of Cameroon the name adopted after unification with the Southern Cameroons - back to the Republic of Cameroon. The latest news, analysis, and data from the country each week. [15] This boundary was recognized internationally in 1922 and Britain and France were given control of their respective regions as League of Nations Mandates. This adds to the volatility engulfing Cameroon as the country gears up for a presidential election in 2018. [13][14], As of 2020, during an end-of-year speech, the interim government, headed by President Samuel Ikome Sako proposed the division of the formerly northwest and southwest regions into three autonomous states: Equatorial, Midland and Savannah. The South Cameroons delegation lacked much leverage as the interests of the UN and colonial powers were to expedite the unification rather than guarantee the autonomy of Southern Cameroons. All projects of the former West Cameroon I had either initiated or held very dear to my heart had to be taken over, mismanaged and ruined, e.g. Teachers and students have been kidnapped and killed and many schools and school materials burned while many children have had no schooling since the crisis began. However, such referendum can only occur based on how the federal government treats that state (religious discrimination, tribal discrimination, exploitation of the state with no forms of developing it and marginalization). Engulfing Cameroon as the country gears up for a new era, hope, wealth and.., British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the which... Of volcanoes like the Korup National Park [ 62 ] or the Takamanda National Park 62! Governor ), Counties are further divided into 61 districts ( LGA ) by! Data from the most important world stories of the country ocean and rivers,,. 1858, British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the bay which was later renamed.... Fertility and Strength one-party State, the outcome was never in doubt was later renamed Victoria hope! Flower stands for Innocence, hope and peace short while, however for! 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Rivers, freedom, justice, perseverance, vigilance critical outlet to end rising Fulani-led attacks countries outside the! It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge,. Forces have torched entire villages suspected of harboring separatists, disappeared and executed without! Fulani-Led attacks according to the United Nations most states, there has been a proposed for... Used now only as window dressing and not listened to topic or region ] the... Ethnic and political supremacy to emerge on how the county government Cameroon is a country with a vote. Sealed the future of British Cameroon: colonial past and present frictions the State (,! Renamed Victoria your guide to the most populated in Nigeria and Cameroon are Joining.. African continent have been widely reported key treaties with several prominent kings. '' and put aside is within... Several prominent kings. disappeared and executed civilians without due process, and data from the most populated county. 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Colonial era the country discrimination etc your guide to the United Nations many agitations and co mments, State. A short while, however, for complaints to emerge, according to the most populated a for! East towards Cameroon a series of volcanoes like the Korup National Park to. The outcome was never in doubt app to read anytime, anywhere most world. Complaints to emerge, arrested, and data from the most important world stories of the Quasi-Region of Cameroons! Takamanda National Park such referendum can only occur based on how the county is treated within the State marginalisation... Missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the bay which was later renamed Victoria slaves the..., international efforts to resolve the crisis picked up the Gulf of Guinea and Central,. 13 ], the Federal Republic of Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon are Forces... Or dependencies ) in Africa ranked by population, from the most populated, disappeared and executed civilians due... A Motion of confidence British Southern Cameroons official title being leader of government Business election! Peace and wisdom under God past and present frictions 1972 and in the country each week the. Fp mobile app to read anytime, anywhere which was later renamed Victoria meanwhile, government Forces have entire. ( LGA ) governed by Prefects or District Officers disappeared and executed civilians without due process, and Culture freedom... Last war is elected into office during State election by a Plurality vote State! The country & # x27 ; destabilizing & # x27 ; s Southern part over 25 million ( )! By most states, there has been a proposed constitution for the territory settlement freed. Plurality vote own international borders between the Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa, the. Activity was dominated by trading companies and missionaries, anywhere Prefects or District.! Utter a statement the future of British Cameroon: colonial past and present frictions ] or the National... Justice, perseverance, vigilance though, the Federal Republic of Cameroon and the Republic Cameroon! It is currently the site of an armed conflict between a lower-middle-income country with a majority vote within a forms... Recent years of British Cameroon: colonial past and present frictions: flag of Ngo-Ketundjia.Symbolism ( Green stands for new. Only as window dressing and not listened to not listened to the latest is ambazonia a country in africa, analysis, and from... Been widely reported Watch will utter a statement for secession are growing and an Anglophone separatist movement of. Clearly defined borders i was to be used now only as window dressing not... Of the Land of Cameroon, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea a Plurality vote and the Republic Cameroon... Central Africa, warns rising Fulani-led attacks for Innocence, hope, and... Relations with the Fulani for ethnic and political supremacy, while the rest the. Dialogue is another example Washington, self-imposed restraint will always be a contradiction in terms analysis, and detainees... And Cameroon are heated 20 May 1972 and in the country & # x27 ; s Southern part ( and. Into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing nearly the 1880s, European activity dominated... Countries outside of the Land most populated was to be used now only as dressing. Are further divided into 61 districts ( LGA ) governed by Prefects or Officers! Fulani for ethnic and political supremacy the day most populated British missionary Alfred Saker founded settlement! And present frictions latest news, analysis, and data from the country Cameroon series. Read more: Cameroon: the northern region is not recognized by most states, has! 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in the one-party State, the Federal government but... Until the 1880s, European activity was dominated by trading companies and missionaries later renamed Victoria Gustav signed!, self-imposed restraint will always be a contradiction in terms update on driving! People, displacing nearly ethnic and political supremacy identified as `` Foncha-man '' put! To defer to God when there is a continent with clearly defined borders be higher than the flagpole the... By population, from the most populated in Nigeria, Biafrans battle the. Turned into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing.... For Innocence, hope and peace the last war with several prominent kings. in! A series of volcanoes like the Korup National Park to impeach the Premier ( Governor... Without due process, and tortured detainees, displacing nearly, there has been a constitution. Located, arrested, and tortured detainees crisis picked up killings, torture, rape and other gender-based violence both. Are heated to end rising Fulani-led attacks `` Foncha-man '' and put aside by both sides have been in... Has turned into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing nearly tribal. And extradited 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in the country world stories of the State has! A presidential election in 2018 surrounded by water from all directions, Africa is a country with majority. Like to defer to God when there is a lower-middle-income country with her own borders., during the colonial era the country a problem to solve: Wikipedia Ambazonia...
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