John had his young nephew crowned King of France in Paris so that for a little while at least there were technically two kings of France at the same time, though it rather depended where you were as to which one you recognised in public. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. On 14 June 1423, at Troyes, he married Anne, daughter of John the Fearless. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. Bedford was declared Regent but focused on the ongoing war in France, while during his absence, Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. He was born in 1389. . The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): (SVG file, nominally 410 478 pixels, file size: 806 KB). John's first marriage was to Anne of Burgundy (d. 1432), daughter of John the Fearless, on 13 May 1423 in Troyes. Between 1403 and 1405, grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. He became the Lord Protector during Johns long absences in France. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Refresh and try again. In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. [citation needed], Several authoritative sources are cited by the. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Each of the brothers wanted more power than the other. 146 relations. His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France.[4]. So when the Yorkists looked down their nose at Elizabeth Woodville, Jacquettas daughter and King Edward IVs wife, they were forgetting that she was the grand-daughter of a Count and that her mother had once been at the heart of the royal court albeit a Lancastrian one. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. Find John Of Lancaster 1st Duke Of Bedford stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. Pernoud, Rgine. Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. All are lavishly decorated and are good examples of the style of the period. 17294), both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 142023, which is English (British Library Add MS 42131). In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. In 1428, the French retook the city of Orleans, killing the English commander the Earl of Salisbury. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation, and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. 3 p. 842. 1726. Although Queen Isabeau agreed to cede the throne of France to Henry VI, Yolande, perceiving the threat posed to Anjou by the growing power of Burgundy, took the dissenting French court and the young Charles to the safety of Provence. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. He was an important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the "Bedford Master" and his workshop) and England. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 410 478 pixels. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. The Oxford Companion to British History. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. http://www.hostkingdom.net/Languedoil.html#Normandy, http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET2.htm#John%20PLANTAGENET%20(1%BA%20D.%20Bedford), Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family, 20. Blanche Plantagenet, of Lancaster, England, Philippa of Lancaster, Princess of England, Queen of Denmark, Sweden & Norway, Birth of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. 3). John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his wife, Anne, daughter of John the Fearless of Burgundy. Unfortunately, he was left with such an impossible situation to deal with in France, but dealt with it to the best of his abilities. Despite his military and administrative . He had no legitimate surviving issue.[5]. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. Bedford defeated the French several times, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. Contents 1 Life account 2 In literature 3 Titles, styles, honours and arms 3.1 Arms 4 Ancestry 5 References As a son of the sovereign, John bore the Royal arms of his father King Henry IV, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France. Today, a plaque marks its former location. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. John was the third son and he was followed by Humphrey. He had no legitimate surviving issue. John's first marriage was to Anne of Burgundy (d. 1432), daughter of John the Fearless, on 13 May 1423 in Troyes. His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his father participated in the revolt of the Lords Appellant in 1388, the year before his birth. When John's eldest brother Henry was crowned as Henry V in 1413, John was given a number of important responsibilities and was awarded several titles, most importantly, the Duchy of Bedford. Bedford achieved a significant victory in 1424 at Verneuil against a large French and Scottish force. As to Arthur, the English captured him at Agincourt and imprisoned him for several years. This left Humphrey at home. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. Definitions of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, analogical dictionary of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (English) In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). definition - John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford. http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET2.htm#John%20PLANTAGENET%20 [S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 79. John, as well as being a soldier and a politician, was also a scholar. ; Richard of Bedford and Mary of Bedford The title of duke, derived from the latin dux, is the highest in the peerage and until 1448 was restricted to members of the royal family. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I1123&tree=E http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I10386&tree= http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I197520&tree http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/bedford.htm, http://www.thepeerage.com/p10187.htm#i101867. 29 p. 427-435. 1 p. 244 table 2 pt. The play focuses on his role as the last English Regent of France. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 14221432[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. Paris: Schlessinger frres, 1863-1877), FHL microfilms 661873-661882., p. 834. After he secured a peace treaty, the port city of Berwick remained in English hands and likewise many other towns and cities such as Roxburgh. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, 6. John de Teye Via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Fitzalan%2C_Countess_of_Hereford#/media/File:Psalter_of_Mary_de_Bohun_and_Henry_Bolingbroke_1380-85_Abigail.jpg Public Domain, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. 9 volumes. Bedford, of course, was held responsible by many of his peers for the losses in France. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. After Anne's death in childbirth in 1432, he married Jacquetta of Luxembourg. John of Lancaster was born on 22 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later King of England) and his wife, Mary de Bohun. The king renewed the Hundred Years War with France in 1415 and Bedford played a large part in the proceedings in support of his brother. He was an extremely important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the Bedford Master and his workshop) and England. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (= 20). The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Add MS 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his father participated in the revolt of the Lords Appellant in 1388, the year before his birth. By the late 1420's, however, the French, under the guidance of the new King Charles VII and a young girl named Joan of Arc, began to fight back furiously. A daughter of Charles VI of France, she was married to Henry V of England and gave birth to his heir Henry VI of England.Catherine's marriage was part of a plan to eventually place Henry V on the throne of France, and perhaps end what is now known as the Hundred Years' War . Pernoud, Rgine. The shield is surrounded by a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). The third son of King Henry IV, John was created duke of Bedford by his brother Henry V in 1414. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV, John of Lancaster began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. Henry IVs second son was called Thomas but he was killed in 1421 at the Battle of Bauge in France. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [6] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of (1389-1435). Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. ." No known copyright issues. Yolande taught Margaret etiquette, literature and accounting: had she married a sane king, Margaret would have been a great asset to England. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! It was not until 1422, upon the premature death of the king, that Bedford became a true political colossus within both England and France. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. [S16] #894 Cahiers de Saint-Louis (1976), Louis IX, Roi de France, (Angers: J. Saillot, 1976), FHL book 944 D22ds., vol. He maintained his loyalty to his father, brother and nephew until the day he died. (Henry IVs parents were John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster while Henry Beauforts parents were John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford). Georgette Heyer's novel My Lord John is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty. Henry V had relied upon John when he was away fighting to rule in his absence. Relevance. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation, and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. ., La Chesnaye-Desbois, Franois Alexandre Aubert de, (3rd edition. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Appears in: Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; Henry V; Henry VI, Part 1. Johns eldest brother was Henry of Monmouth who went on to become King Henry V after a dissolute youth causing his father Henry IV despair (refer to Shakespeare Henry IV Part One and Part Two for a full litany of drinking, gambling and womanising along with princely reformation). Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 26. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bedford-john-lancaster-duke, JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, 10. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. Encyclopedia.com. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. In reality, it was the Earl of Westmorland who talked down the rebels. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 138914 September 1435), was a medieval English nobleman, soldier, and statesman. His mother died when he was just five. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. He was able to capture the city of Harfleur and went on to secure one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War, at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415. 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