[222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. [92] Strasser was immediately flown into exile in a military helicopter to Conakry, Guinea. [107], Deforestation, both for commercial timber and to make room for agriculture, is the major concern and represents an enormous loss of natural economic wealth to the nation. Many Sierra Leonean youth, children and adults follow the major football leagues in Europe, particularly the English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga and French Ligue 1. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. [25], Archaeological finds show that Sierra Leone has been inhabited continuously for at least 2,500 years;[27] populated successively by societies who migrated from other parts of Africa. [156] Part of the reason for this was due to the import duties and taxes and the lack of quality control. This polygon shapefile contains the boundary of Sierra Leone (adm0). It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. When the national football team, the Leone Stars, have a match, Sierra Leoneans across the country come together united in support of the national team and people rush to their local radio and television stations to follow the live match. In the 1860s, the country became a journalist hub for Africa, with professionals travelling to the country from across the continent. The Eastern Province is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone and borders Guinea and Liberia as well as two other Sierra Leone provinces. This left them traumatised, with an estimated 400,000 people (by 2009) being mentally ill. Thousands of former child soldiers have fallen into substance abuse as they try to blunt their memories. [71] In 1953, Sierra Leone was granted local ministerial powers and Margai was elected Chief Minister of Sierra Leone. The Dominion of Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. During the British annexation in Sierra Leone, several chiefs in the northern and southern parts of the country were resisting the "hut tax" imposed by the colonial administrators but they used diplomacy to achieve their goal. [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed promotion to Division Two. On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. Njala University was established as the Njala Agricultural Experimental Station in 1910 and became a university in 2005. After nine months in office, the junta was overthrown by the Nigerian-led ECOMOG forces, and the democratically elected government of president Kabbah was reinstated in February 1998. [169][170], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. The topography of the province is mostly hilly woodlands, and the land supports a range of endangered species. are traders; both groups are primarily found in the far north in Kambia and Koinadugu District close to the border with Guinea. Sierra Leone has a dominant unitary central government and a weak local government. Now that the provinces have been divided, an exact measurement of the new provincial areas is unknown. The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. Ahmadiyya Muslims make up about 10% of the country's Muslim population. The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. Female. Primary education is free and compulsory in government-sponsored public schools. Female. In 2009, the Sierra Leone Under-19 team finished second in the African Under-19 Championship in Zambia, thus qualifying for the Under-19 World Cup qualifying tournament with nine other teams. [174] "Pandebu-Tokpombu" is presumably the extended town of Torgbonbu, which had a population of 10,716 in the 2004 census. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, the professional head of the Sierra Leone Police force, who is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone. Instead, it borders two domestic provinces and the Atlantic Ocean. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. The population of Bo is estimated at about 233,684 . His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. The land was also home to the Temee and Loko peoples, whose presence predates the arrival of Europeans. 50%. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. The arts in Sierra Leone are a mixture of tradition and hybrid African and western styles.[259][260][261]. Ten years later, on 19 April 1971, the country became a republic, with an elected President as the Head of State. The Western Area Urban District is one of the 16 districts of Sierra Leone. Surveys of the religious make up of Sierra Leone vary widely, though Muslims make up the majority of the population. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. Each has a directly elected local district council to exercise authority and carry out functions at a local level. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. The Susu and their related Yalunka are traders; both groups are primarily found in the far north in Kambia and Koinadugu District close to the border with Guinea. Reference Location: Bonthe District, Sierra Leone. It is the second-most important city in terms of transportation, economy, and education after Freetown. Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. This is due to substandard safety standards.[154]. Other minority ethnic groups are the Kuranko, who are related to the Mandingo and are largely Muslims. Compared to the 2000 survey access has increased in urban areas, but has declined in rural areas, possibly because facilities have broken down because of a lack of maintenance.[236][238]. Most Sierra Leonean Muslims of the Sunni and Ahmadiyya sect generally pray together in the same mosque. The large majority of SLPP members backed Albert Margai over Karefa-Smart. [88] Two thirds of the adult population of the country are illiterate.[212]. After the return to civilian rule, by-elections were held (beginning in autumn 1968) and an all-APC cabinet was appointed. [citation needed]. There are several main internet service providers (ISPs) operating in the country. In 1462, Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra mapped the hills surrounding what is now Freetown Harbour, naming the shaped formation Serra da Leoa or "Serra Leoa" (Portuguese for Lioness Mountains). [83] Brigadier Lansana and Hinga Norman, the main army officers involved in the first coup (1967), were unceremoniously dismissed from the armed forces and made to serve time in prison. The other ethnic groups included Themnes, Sherbros, Yalunkas and Soso were believed to have originated from the Upper Guinea Coast, whilst the Mendes were believed to have originated from the Mande Ethnic Group from the Mali Empire led by Queen Massarico. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. The central bank is the Bank of Sierra Leone. Strasser was later ousted by his army colleague and second-in-command Julius Maada Bio, for failing to commit to a quick transfer to civilian rule. As the Krio language is spoken by 90% of the country's population,[103][167] it unites all the different ethnic groups, especially in their trade and interaction with each other. [79] Not having the capital to start a new business is the biggest barrier for women. In Kono District, a rural eastern region of 500,00 people, famous for its diamond mines and as the epicenter of Sierra Leone's decade-long civil war, PIH is investing in every level of the health system. In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. What Are The Biggest Industries In Sierra Leone? In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an independent nation. On 29 April 1992, a group of young soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army, led by seven army officersLieutenant Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lieutenant Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Kambo[89]staged a military coup that sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country. Ajisafe was apparently angry after a Zimbabwean Muslim cleric Mufti Menk had visited Sierra Leone and preached to large crowds. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. (2003) Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. Makeni is home to Sierra Leone's incumbent President, Ernest Bai Koroma. Nwauwa, Apollos O. One source estimates the population at 14,915,[173] whilst another puts it as high as 85,313. Aside from the human cost, the outbreak was severely eroding the economy. Additionally, a significant part of Sierra Leones history can be ascribed to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra, a Portuguese Explorer. Nyagua (c. 18421906), also known as the "Tracking King", was a fierce king who captured many districts and many people came to join him for protection. Area figures are derived from geospatial data. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. Corporal Sankoh was convicted and jailed for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown. [82], Stevens had Bangura arrested in 1970 and charged with conspiracy and treason. The city of Bo, also called Bo Town, is the economic hub of the Southern Province and Sierra Leones second-largest city. Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. Following the Berlin Conference of 18841885, the British decided that they needed to establish more dominion over the inland areas, to satisfy what was described by the European powers as "effective occupation" of territories. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. In addition, differences between the Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 and the List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (which emulated the 1808 document) revealed some disparities in the entries of the recaptives, specifically in the names; many recaptives decided to change their given names to more anglicised versions which contributed to the difficulty in tracking them after they arrived in Sierra Leone. Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. Since independence, the Limba have traditionally been influential in Sierra Leone's politics, along with the Mende. By January 2002, the war was declared over. The Christian holidays of Christmas, Boxing Day, Good Friday and Easter are also national holidays in Sierra Leone. The coastal swamp region extends along the . Source: Statistics Sierra Leone (web). Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Brooklyn Museum. Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. [158] As a result, the commercialisation of firewood and coal has been a point of contention with aid donors and government agencies such as the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources and the Forestry Division. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. 12. For her loyalty, she was awarded a silver medal by Queen Victoria. The widely spoken dialect and the main language of communication in the city is the Krio. T- evaluate the impact of the first ETU and laboratory becoming operational in . The first ETU and laboratory in Bombali District were established in late November and early December 2014, respectively. However, the main suspect, Major S.I.M. [35] The Dutch and French also started arriving and set up trade near the coast. [255], In 2006, President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah committed to reforming the laws governing the press and media to create a freer system for journalists to work in. Sherbro was influential and powerful and the British greatly feared him. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. The capital of this province is the city of Bo, and the largest ethnic group is the Mende ethnic group. Sierra Leone's two most dominant parties, the APC and the SLPP, collectively won every elected seat in Parliament in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. The much smaller Vai and Kru peoples are primarily found in Kailahun and Pujehun Districts near the border with Liberia. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. After several days in jail, Ajisafe was released, his church licence was given back to him, and his church was later reopened under strict government condition during several months of probation. The largest city is Freetown with a population of 836 574. [210] Males, on the other hand, presented higher levels of anxiety and hostility. [264] The city has a lot to offer to tourists. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. The report indicated that the country's just . The British fired first; the northern front of mainly Temne people was led by Bai Bureh. [93], Promises of a return to civilian rule were fulfilled by Bio. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations.
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