medici family descendants

The line of the Princes of Ottajano, an extant branch of the House of Medici who were eligible to inherit the grand duchy of Tuscany when the last male of the senior branch died in 1737, could have carried on as Medici sovereigns but for the intervention of Europe's major powers, which allocated the sovereignty of Florence elsewhere. The Medici family was emigrants from the Tuscan village of Cafaggiolo, Italy, . On the right is a meeting of the liberal arts near a fountain. The Medici remained in exile until 1512 when the descendants of Cosimo de Medici returned and ruled until 1537. Although knowledge of vitamins did not exist at the time, the benefit of oranges for certain diseases was recognized and their association with recommendations by medical doctors suggests to Dr. Ruggiero that this likely is the imagery intended in the coats of arms for the Medici family. He also founded the Villa Medici at Rome and brought many priceless works of art to Florence. The main challengers to the Albizzi family were the Medici, first under Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, later under his son Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici and great-grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici. In general, the later Medici line renounced the older generations republican sympathies and established more authoritarian rule, a change that produced stability in Florence and Tuscany, but led to the regions decline as a cultural hub. Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal regency by the Prince de Craon until the new grand duke could peregrinate to Tuscany, but declined. Cosimo was in Italy, Eleanora in Spain. The line of Chiarissimo II failed to gain power in Florence in the 14th century. Upon Vittoria's death in 1694, her allodial possessions, the Duchies of Rovere and Montefeltro, passed to her younger son. Ferdinando, although no longer a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive conclaves. This led to the transfer of Medici blood, through Catherine's daughters, to the royal family of Spain through Elisabeth of Valois, and the House of Lorraine through Claude of Valois. The Galileo Project. Rice University.Medici Family: Origins and History. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. The pact states that the artworks belong to the state to educate people about the Medici family and attract tourism. Alessandro proved to be cruel and brutally authoritarian. Born 12 Jun 1519 in Firenze. The Medici family had up to ten bank branches: in Avignon, Venice, Rome, Naples, Milan, Pisa, Geneva, Lyon, Bruges, and London. The Medici lacked male heirs, and by 1705, the grand ducal treasury was virtually bankrupt. [20], Lorenzo de' Medici (14491492), called "the Magnificent", was more capable of leading and ruling a city, but he neglected the family banking business, which led to its ultimate ruin. When Gian Gastone's only sibling, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the last of the family line, passed away in 1743 without any children, she willed the Medicis' enormous art collection and other. The table below shows the origins of the Medici: This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes: This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany: The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. In later years the most significant protg of the Medici family was Michelangelo Buonarroti (14751564), who produced work for a number of family members, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was said to be extremely fond of the young Michelangelo and invited him to study the family collection of antique sculpture. [12] Until the late 14th century, the leading family of Florence was the House of Albizzi. [44] Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the Republic of Siena was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old Republic of Florence was thought to be under imperial suzerainty. Known for writing cheques to Michelangelo, the Medici have of late been airing some dirty laundry as a handful of their descendants fall into a spat. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. Secrets and Romance of the de' Medicis. He died in 1574, succeeded by his eldest surviving son Francesco, whose death without male heirs led to the succession of his younger brother, Ferdinando, in 1587. He was called "Piero the Gouty" because of the gout that pained his foot and led to his death. In 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de' Medici died under mysterious circumstances. Clarice Orsini (c. 1453 - 29 July 1487) was the daughter of Jacopo (Giacomo) Orsini (see Orsini family), lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano, and his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, was the Italian family that ruled Florence, and later Tuscany, during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals (from 1494 to 1512, and from 1527 to 1530). Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and commissioned Filippo Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence in 1419. [53] On 19 February 1743, she died, and the grand ducal line of the House of Medici died with her. The simplest, though also unproven, theory suggests that the balls represented coins copied from the coat of arms of the Guild of Moneychangers (Arte del Cambio) to which the Medici belonged. Maria's daughters became queens of Spain and England. The Medici family can be traced to the Mugello valley just north of Florence where they were mentioned in a document from the year 1230. [10] The origin of the name is uncertain. In this article we will talk about the Medici, one of the largest, most powerful and richest Italian families ever, who remained in power for about 300 years.They have been popes, sovereigns and patrons, they have promoted art and culture and they have given to their territory such glory and prestige that they can never be replicated again! There were three branches of Medicis that successfully gained power - the line of Chiarissimo II, the line of Cosimo (known as Cosimo the Elder) and the descendants of his brother, who went on to rule as grand dukes. The Medici family were wool merchants and bankers. Click here for live data and advanced tools for collaboration, genetic genealogy, surname projects, etc. Contents 1 Background, pedigree and family ties 1.1 Henry II of France 1.2 Catherine de' Medici 2 Children 3 Descendants of Elizabeth of Valois The conspiracy involved the Pazzi and Salviati families, both rival banking families seeking to end the influence of the Medici, as well as the priest presiding over the church services, the Archbishop of Pisa, and even Pope Sixtus IV to a degree. The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he and the Medici had a long rivalry themselves, but the pope gave no official sanction to the plan. The most significant of the Medici families currently are the Medici Tornaquinci and the Medici di Ottajano. The Medici family were patrons of Galileo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo. Europe largely ignored Cosimo's plan. In the first place, not being soldiers, they were constantly confronting their adversaries with bribes of gold rather than with battalions of armed men. In commemoration of the deaths of Giuliano and Lorenzo, the two who had died relatively young, the family commissioned Michelangelo to complete the famous Medici Tombs in Florence. Giovanni's son Cosimo the Elder, Pater Patriae (father of the country), took over in 1434 as gran maestro (the unofficial head of the Florentine Republic). In 1512, thanks in part to the efforts of Pieros younger brother Giovanni (a cardinal at the time and the future Pope Leo X), the Medici family was able to return to Florence. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%. . [48] Following a sprained ankle in 1731, he remained confined to his bed for the rest of his life. By the 1520s, nonetheless, the descendants of Cosimo the Elder had become few in number. The last ruler of the House of Medici was Gian Gastone, who died in 1737. In the 15th century the line of Cosimo the Elder set up a hereditary principate in Florence but without legal right or title, hence subject to sudden overthrow; crowns burgeoned, however, on the last branches of their genealogical tree, for two of them were dukes outside Florence, their last heir in a direct line became queen of France (Catherine de Mdicis), and their final offspring, Alessandro, was duke of Florence. [47] On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. Perhaps God wills that this war, which began in the blood of my brother and of myself, should be ended by any means. Thus began the reign of Medici monarchs in Florence, which lasted two centuries. [38], Ferdinando died on 23 May 1670 afflicted by apoplexy and dropsy. Both businesses were very profitable and the family became extremely wealthy. [23], The Medici additionally benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in 1461. Born in Rome, she is most known as the wife of Lorenzo de' Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent), de facto ruler . Medici, House ofThe Medici family dominated the Italian city of Florence throughout the Renaissance and beyond, from 1434 to 1737. They first came to power in 1613, and over the next three centuries, 18 Romanovs took the Russian throne, including Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Alexander I and Nicholas II. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; his inaction in international affairs, however, would have long-reaching consequences down the line. Giulio de' Medici, the illegitimate son of Lorenzo the Magnificent's brother Giuliano, abdicated power in 1523 to become Pope Clement VII, and the short and brutal rule of Alessandro (reputed to be Giulio's own illegitimate son) ended with his assassination in 1537. A scouting party was sent out, and in late December the read more. The Medici villa of Cafaggiolo was the family's Mugello home, located near present day Barberino di Mugello. . [22], The Pazzi conspiracy of 1478 was an attempt to depose the Medici family by killing Lorenzo with his younger brother Giuliano during Easter services; the assassination attempt ended with the death of Giuliano and an injured Lorenzo. One of the most notable of them is Prince Ottaviano de Medici. The Florentines grieved her,[54] and she was interred in the crypt that she helped to complete, San Lorenzo. As Cosimo I, he established absolute power in the region, and his descendants would rule as grand dukes into the 1700s. [30] The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources, and the fortunes of the Medici were directly tied to the Tuscan economy.[30]. After Lorenzo's death the puritanical Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola rose to prominence, warning Florentines against excessive luxury. They were generous patrons of the arts who commissioned masterpieces such as Raphael's Transfiguration and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment; however, their reigns coincided with troubles for the Vatican, including Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation and the infamous sack of Rome in 1527. [49] In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians. Pius II granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.[24]. There, by the following century, the Medici were counted among the wealthy notables, although in the second rank, after leading families of the city. With Vieri this branch of the Medici was to disappear definitively from history. More famous descendants of the Medici family would include the royal family of Britain. Despite his refusal of official approval, the pope nonetheless allowed the plot to proceed without interfering, and, after the failed assassination of Lorenzo, also gave dispensation for crimes done in the service of the church. He initiated the Medici's rise to power. The Art of Living and Giving. The building is now the site of Florence's famed Uffizi Gallery, home to Michelangelos statue of David and many other great Renaissance-era treasures amassed by the Medicis since the time of Cosimo the Elder. Following her father's assassination, she was reared at the court of Cosimo I de' Medici and married advantageously twice. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! 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