Machiavelli also stakes his point on a ruler been versatile with his analogy of the fox and lion. Without these attributes there was no way that a prince could hold together their state and their people. In fact it is a show-stopper, a literary masterpiece of sorts. Their views on human nature and government had some common points and some ideas that differed. *You can also browse our support articles here >. His opinion was that Italy required a leader who could have complete control over Italy's citizens and institutions. In chapter eighteen, Machiavelli states, a wise ruler cannot, and should not, keep his word when doing so is to his disadvantage, and when the reasons that led him to promise to do so no longer apply (pg. Erasmus was a Dutch intellectual and leader of the Christian humanists who wrote a treatise on political. Then for Machiavelli he talks about how a prince should show no fear instead for him to show that he is the one with power. Nevertheless, it enhanced the virt of even the strongest prince. Niccolo Machiavelli's View On Human Nature, Social/Political Psychology They are interconnecting one another. Literary Analysis, Machiavellis View of Human Nature in The Prince, Nature vs. Nurture: Human Nature is Uncontrollable, Nature Is Created by Itself, While Art Is the Creation of Nature. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Many factors can contribute to a businesss demise such as inflation which causes an increase on interest rates and currency, a new product or service failure due to poor advertising techniques or the niche in which the product is being introduced does not fit (poor market research) and financial turmoil or collapse of a business because the business profits does not exceed its expenses. As he gave less importance to religion, he at the very same time stated and accepted that morality has a limited place in the society and that they should and must be both exploited and preserved. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your In addition, Aristotle holds that the prime objective of the state is to serve its citizens. Oppenheimer opines that ''the inevitability of treachery renders inevitable an invalidation of all ideologies'' (297), but the closest he comes to explaining the concept of ''beyond ideology'' in the book's subtitle is the assertion that, according to Machiavelli, In answering the question of whether it is better to be loved than feared, Machiavelli writes, The answer is, of course, that it would be best to be both loved and feared. He on one hand encouraged people to be more and more religious and on the other hand he also set certain strategies for the ruler to assume and pretend to be merciful, god fearing, righteous, religious and powerful but when it comes to the state the ruler can and should go to any extremes for the sake and the security of the state even if he has to be or is considered to be immoral. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. While reading through Machiavellis The Prince and Hobbes Leviathan, both introduced a common focus on political theory even though living approximately 100 years apart. Instead of endorsing morality, just as Rousseau wanted, Hobbes and Machiavelli sought after security. In choosing wise men for his government and allowing those the freedom to speak the truth to him, and then only concerning matters on which he asks their opinion, and nothing else. Niccol Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini, and sixteenth-century theorists of "reason of state" may be regarded as the initiators of a tradition of political thinking very distant from and even opposite to natural law doctrines. Machiavelli, however felt that people generally tended to work for their own best interests and gave little obligation to the well being of the state. As long as the ruler is providing the m the safety and the security that they desire that is the safety and security of them, their family and that of their property they are sated and to also protect from any foreign invaders, and if the ruler is able to do this the masses are easy to rule and the state is well governed. See how Italy beseeches God to send someone to save her from those barbarous cruelties and outrages; see how eager and willing the country is to follow a banner, if someone will raise it.18, Although Italy had become the center of intellectual, artistic and cultural development, Machiavelli did not feel these qualities would help in securing Italy's political future. Despite the illusion of religion, the abstract human face is absolutely the idea of human spirituality. To simplify, Machiavelli says princes are obligated to lie in certain circumstances. The real nature of human beings is consisted of the totality of social relations. Machiavelli has described humans as bad, evil, selfish, egoistic and depraved. match. The state according to Machiavelli has no important relation to the church but it also has no relation to God or any other super natural power for the matter of fact, he says that the state needs religion only as an instrumental object for furthering its own object. Knowing that man was corrupt he also felt that it would be best if society was ruled over by a sovereign government, an absolute monarchy, to ensure stability, whoever has power has the right to command; but goodness does not ensure power and the good person has no more authority by virtue of being good the only real concern of the political ruler is the acquisition and maintenance of power (Nederman, 2014). This would allow the prince to govern without being morally bound. the nature of the people thoroughly, and one of the populace to know the nature of princes" (Machiavelli 1950, 4). He advocated this style of governance because we live in a jungle - an ugly universe without ethics. They got it wrong. Machiavelli has described humans as bad, evil, selfish, egoistic and depraved. This claim especially clarifies the necessity of fear and the . But he is here criticized with accordance to Plato and Aristotle who have said that throughout with the means of proper education man can be reformed. Before Machiavelli, almost all thinkers and political personalities believed and propagated and promoted religion as the basis of the state. From Islamic perspective, human are dualistic possessing both a body and a soul. Read on this essay's introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. In 1513, Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, telling rulers how they should rule. In order to fight human beings of this nature a prince must have enormous power. Throughout the middle ages it was the church was the dominant and the supreme and the major part of the state and the church had political power and ruled the state and the pope of the church had supreme authority even in the sway of politics, as god was feared and the church was the creation of the god so the popes or the father were given and was considered as a dominant authority over the state of affairs to that of the state as that the soul has the supreme authority over the body, it was during that time that it was assumes that the church has a superior authority and position as compare, but Machiavelli was opposed to this idea as he thought of it differently and with this and his intellectual thoughts he believed and promoted religion but with his own twist of idea. Therefore, they have no fixed and independent nature. Their ideas were radical at the time and remain influential in government today. Like Hobbes, he is very pessimistic about human nature and believes that men by nature are purely selfish and they, in their lives, are always motivated by selfish desires. Malevolence, dictatorship, or Tupac Shakur? Stevenson (as cited in Shadiya, 2012) in his words it is not the consciousness of men that determines their beings, but, on the contrary, their social existence/being determines their, According to Christianity doctrines, human beings are made of both materials, that is dust from the ground, and immaterial, that is soul or mind. The Prince, This is a significant analysis of Niccolo Machiavellis book The Prince. Machiavelli discourages action to taken otherwise "since men will always do badly by [the prince] unless they are forced to be virtuous. A leaders cruelty enables him to make the decisions necessary for the kingdom, while also being miserly to keep the people happy. Your two-paragraph response should quote and reference a couple of very key passages in these chapters that bear upon this all-important matter for his political theory. Machiavelli's view of human nature was not in accord to that of humanists who felt that an individual could greatly contribute to the well being of the society. Machiavelli, in his book 'The Prince ', shows a set of guidelines and philosophical arguments for a ruler to embody. I think that Machiavellis advice provides a sound basis on how leaders today can lead. All in all, Machiavelli believes the ruler must be a great deceiver and do what is essential to uphold power over the, We find traces of his philosophy in modern politics by how people running for seats of power make many promises in their campaign and once the people elect them, they may fall short in accomplishing their promises. Machiavelli, however felt that people generally tended to work for their ownbest interests and gave little obligation to the well being of the state. Within Machiavelli's concentration of plotting out successful achievement of a stabilized state within a principality, he often reveals the importance of the satisfaction the people within the governing walls of that principality. Machiavelli, The Prince, Dedicatory Letter and chapters 1-9. https: . Download. In his famous work the Prince Niccolo Machiavelli exposes what it takes to be a good prince and how only this good price and keep control over his state. In More's Utopia, we find a treatise on ethics and human nature along with, above all else, a condemnation of pride, disguised in the painting of the . Human beings are moral animals. "6 However, Machiavelli did not feel that a Prince should mistreat the citizens. Man, by nature is selfish. The nature of human beings for Machiavelli, therefore, consists of being suspicious and untrusting, which is why the Prince should be sly like the fox and intimidating and frightening like the lion. to manifest dismay and use the overwhelming power as a dictator. One of the themes to Machiavelli's plan included the dismissal of the affection of virtue of the nobility as well as the significance of an honest people. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! No plagiarism, guaranteed! An important aspect of this theory is the assumption that human nature is constant. Well, this is how Borgia went about it: First, to bring about "peace and obedience," he put in place a cruel and efficient minister. With similarities shared between the ruler and the common person the ruler will then be able to relate and be more respected amongst the population, as opposed to a ruler who rules with his own self interest at hand. Albert O. 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